{
 "title": "ETH staking compounding vs direct rewards",
 "source_page": "https://growyourethereum.com/tools/eth-staking-compounding-calculator",
 "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
 "checked": "2026-10-25",
 "assumptions": {
  "consensus_apr_pct": 2.5,
  "execution_apr_pct": 0.09,
  "source": "ultrasound.money validator-rewards (issuance 2.504%, MEV 0.044%, tips 0.045%)",
  "published_net_rates_pct": {
   "lido": 2.313,
   "rp": 1.819,
   "cb": 1.65,
   "kr": 2.152
  },
  "eth_price_usd": 2350.53,
  "model": "0x02 simulated daily: balance += effective_balance × consensus APR / 365; effective balance = floor(balance) when balance > EB + 1.25 ETH or < EB − 0.25 ETH (consensus-spec hysteresis), capped at 2,048; execution rewards accrue outside the validator. 0x01: floor(amount/32)×32 staked, rewards paid out (simple). Providers: compounded at their payout frequency, or simple where they do not restake."
 },
 "methods": [
  {
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x02 compounding credentials",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "Consensus rewards stay in the validator balance; effective balance rises in 1 ETH steps up to 2,048 ETH",
   "compounds": "Yes, consensus rewards only, in 1 ETH steps (first step at 33.25 ETH)",
   "frequency": "Every epoch (6.4 min); effective balance updated each epoch with hysteresis",
   "fee": "0%",
   "note": "Execution-layer tips and MEV go to the fee-recipient address and do not compound",
   "source": "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/electra/beacon-chain.md",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x01 credentials",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "Balance above 32 ETH is swept to the withdrawal address automatically",
   "compounds": "No (effective balance capped at 32 ETH)",
   "frequency": "Sweep about every 6.8 days at today’s validator count",
   "fee": "0%",
   "note": "Restake by hand in 32 ETH multiples or switch to 0x02 (irreversible)",
   "source": "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/capella/beacon-chain.md",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x00 (BLS) credentials",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "Rewards accumulate but cannot be withdrawn until credentials are changed to 0x01",
   "compounds": "No (effective balance capped at 32 ETH)",
   "frequency": "None until a withdrawal address is set",
   "fee": "0%",
   "note": "8,823 active validators still had 0x00 credentials on Oct 25, 2026",
   "source": "https://launchpad.ethereum.org/en/faq",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Lido stETH / wstETH",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "stETH balance rebases daily; wstETH value rises instead",
   "compounds": "Yes (Lido: withdrawn CL rewards and EL rewards are restaked)",
   "frequency": "Daily oracle report, around 12:30 UTC",
   "fee": "10% of rewards",
   "note": "7-day SMA APR 2.313% after fee (Oct 25, 2026 API)",
   "source": "https://docs.lido.fi/guides/lido-tokens-integration-guide",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Rocket Pool rETH",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "rETH:ETH exchange rate rises",
   "compounds": "Yes, through the exchange rate",
   "frequency": "Rate updated about every 24 hours",
   "fee": "14% of rewards (5% node + 9% voter)",
   "note": "rETH APR 1.819% (Oct 25, 2026 API)",
   "source": "https://docs.rocketpool.net/guides/staking/overview",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Coinbase (standard ETH staking)",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "Rewards credited to the staking balance; rewards earned in unstaked form are automatically restaked",
   "compounds": "Yes",
   "frequency": "Every 3 days",
   "fee": "35% (Coinbase One 31.75% / 28.5% / 25.25%)",
   "note": "Est. 1.65% APY after commission (Oct 25, 2026)",
   "source": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/coinbase-staking/rewards/earn-rewards-with-staking",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Coinbase in CA, MD, NJ, WI",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "Existing stakers keep earning; no new principal",
   "compounds": "No: “rewards will not be restaked or compound”",
   "frequency": "Every 3 days",
   "fee": "35%",
   "note": "Unstaked principal or rewards cannot be restaked",
   "source": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/coinbase-staking/staking/eligibility",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Coinbase Prime (institutional)",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "0x01: rewards swept to the staked wallet; 0x02: consensus rewards auto-compound in 1 ETH increments",
   "compounds": "0x02 yes; 0x01 no",
   "frequency": "Claim requests are partial withdrawals (min 1 ETH)",
   "fee": "Negotiated",
   "note": "Coinbase sets a default 0x02 validator size of 1,800 ETH to leave room for compounding",
   "source": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/prime/staking/eth",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Kraken bonded ETH staking",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "Weekly rewards; U.S. version of Kraken’s article: added to your staking balance",
   "compounds": "Yes per U.S. terms (another regional version says rewards go to the spot balance, not compounded)",
   "frequency": "Weekly",
   "fee": "25% under $1M (down to 0% at $100M+)",
   "note": "“Up to 2.87% APY” before commission (Oct 25, 2026)",
   "source": "https://support.kraken.com/articles/360037682011-overview-of-staking-on-kraken",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  },
  {
   "method": "Robinhood ETH staking",
   "how_rewards_arrive": "Rewards paid in crypto on a payout schedule",
   "compounds": "Not stated by Robinhood",
   "frequency": "Payout dates shown in app",
   "fee": "25% total; ETH gets 50%–100% of protocol rate",
   "note": "Unavailable in CA, MD, NJ, WI",
   "source": "https://robinhood.com/us/en/support/articles/staking/",
   "checked": "2026-10-25"
  }
 ],
 "table_32_eth": [
  {
   "years": 1,
   "method_id": "solo02",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x02 (compounding)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 32.8288,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 32.8288,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": -0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 1,
   "method_id": "solo01",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x01 (rewards swept out)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 32.8288,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 32.8288,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 1,
   "method_id": "lido",
   "method": "Lido stETH / wstETH (daily rebase)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.313,
   "eth_after_compounding": 32.7488,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 32.7402,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0086
  },
  {
   "years": 1,
   "method_id": "rp",
   "method": "Rocket Pool rETH (rate updated ~daily)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.819,
   "eth_after_compounding": 32.5874,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 32.5821,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0053
  },
  {
   "years": 1,
   "method_id": "cb",
   "method": "Coinbase (rewards every 3 days, restaked)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 32.5323,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 32.528,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0043
  },
  {
   "years": 1,
   "method_id": "kr",
   "method": "Kraken bonded ETH (weekly, U.S. terms)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.152,
   "eth_after_compounding": 32.696,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 32.6886,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0073
  },
  {
   "years": 1,
   "method_id": "cbnc",
   "method": "Coinbase in CA, MD, NJ, WI (no restaking)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 32.528,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 32.528,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 2,
   "method_id": "solo02",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x02 (compounding)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 33.6689,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 33.6576,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0113
  },
  {
   "years": 2,
   "method_id": "solo01",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x01 (rewards swept out)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 33.6576,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 33.6576,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 2,
   "method_id": "lido",
   "method": "Lido stETH / wstETH (daily rebase)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.313,
   "eth_after_compounding": 33.515,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 33.4803,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0347
  },
  {
   "years": 2,
   "method_id": "rp",
   "method": "Rocket Pool rETH (rate updated ~daily)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.819,
   "eth_after_compounding": 33.1856,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 33.1642,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0214
  },
  {
   "years": 2,
   "method_id": "cb",
   "method": "Coinbase (rewards every 3 days, restaked)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 33.0735,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 33.056,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0175
  },
  {
   "years": 2,
   "method_id": "kr",
   "method": "Kraken bonded ETH (weekly, U.S. terms)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.152,
   "eth_after_compounding": 33.4071,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 33.3773,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0298
  },
  {
   "years": 2,
   "method_id": "cbnc",
   "method": "Coinbase in CA, MD, NJ, WI (no restaking)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 33.056,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 33.056,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 5,
   "method_id": "solo02",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x02 (compounding)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 36.3177,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 36.144,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.1737
  },
  {
   "years": 5,
   "method_id": "solo01",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x01 (rewards swept out)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 36.144,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 36.144,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 5,
   "method_id": "lido",
   "method": "Lido stETH / wstETH (daily rebase)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.313,
   "eth_after_compounding": 35.9232,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 35.7008,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.2224
  },
  {
   "years": 5,
   "method_id": "rp",
   "method": "Rocket Pool rETH (rate updated ~daily)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.819,
   "eth_after_compounding": 35.0468,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 34.9104,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.1364
  },
  {
   "years": 5,
   "method_id": "cb",
   "method": "Coinbase (rewards every 3 days, restaked)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 34.7518,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 34.64,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.1118
  },
  {
   "years": 5,
   "method_id": "kr",
   "method": "Kraken bonded ETH (weekly, U.S. terms)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.152,
   "eth_after_compounding": 35.6345,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 35.4432,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.1913
  },
  {
   "years": 5,
   "method_id": "cbnc",
   "method": "Coinbase in CA, MD, NJ, WI (no restaking)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 34.64,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 34.64,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 10,
   "method_id": "solo02",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x02 (compounding)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 41.2051,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 40.288,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.9171
  },
  {
   "years": 10,
   "method_id": "solo01",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x01 (rewards swept out)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 40.288,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 40.288,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 10,
   "method_id": "lido",
   "method": "Lido stETH / wstETH (daily rebase)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.313,
   "eth_after_compounding": 40.3273,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 39.4016,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.9257
  },
  {
   "years": 10,
   "method_id": "rp",
   "method": "Rocket Pool rETH (rate updated ~daily)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.819,
   "eth_after_compounding": 38.3836,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 37.8208,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.5628
  },
  {
   "years": 10,
   "method_id": "cb",
   "method": "Coinbase (rewards every 3 days, restaked)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 37.7402,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 37.28,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.4602
  },
  {
   "years": 10,
   "method_id": "kr",
   "method": "Kraken bonded ETH (weekly, U.S. terms)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.152,
   "eth_after_compounding": 39.6818,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 38.8864,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.7954
  },
  {
   "years": 10,
   "method_id": "cbnc",
   "method": "Coinbase in CA, MD, NJ, WI (no restaking)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 37.28,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 37.28,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 20,
   "method_id": "solo02",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x02 (compounding)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 53.0115,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 48.576,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 4.4355
  },
  {
   "years": 20,
   "method_id": "solo01",
   "method": "Solo validator, 0x01 (rewards swept out)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.59,
   "eth_after_compounding": 48.576,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 48.576,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  },
  {
   "years": 20,
   "method_id": "lido",
   "method": "Lido stETH / wstETH (daily rebase)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.313,
   "eth_after_compounding": 50.8216,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 46.8032,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 4.0184
  },
  {
   "years": 20,
   "method_id": "rp",
   "method": "Rocket Pool rETH (rate updated ~daily)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.819,
   "eth_after_compounding": 46.0407,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 43.6416,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 2.3991
  },
  {
   "years": 20,
   "method_id": "cb",
   "method": "Coinbase (rewards every 3 days, restaked)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 44.51,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 42.56,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 1.95
  },
  {
   "years": 20,
   "method_id": "kr",
   "method": "Kraken bonded ETH (weekly, U.S. terms)",
   "net_apr_pct": 2.152,
   "eth_after_compounding": 49.2075,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 45.7728,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 3.4347
  },
  {
   "years": 20,
   "method_id": "cbnc",
   "method": "Coinbase in CA, MD, NJ, WI (no restaking)",
   "net_apr_pct": 1.65,
   "eth_after_compounding": 42.56,
   "eth_if_paid_out_simple": 42.56,
   "compounding_bonus_eth": 0.0
  }
 ],
 "validator_snapshot": {
  "slot": 15510296,
  "time_utc": "2026-10-25 16:59 UTC",
  "active_ongoing": 817331,
  "by_type": {
   "0x00": {
    "validators": 8823,
    "pct_validators": 1.08,
    "effective_eth": 282081,
    "pct_effective": 0.65,
    "balance_eth": 328233
   },
   "0x01": {
    "validators": 784600,
    "pct_validators": 96.0,
    "effective_eth": 25106801,
    "pct_effective": 57.68,
    "balance_eth": 25112989
   },
   "0x02": {
    "validators": 23908,
    "pct_validators": 2.93,
    "effective_eth": 18138840,
    "pct_effective": 41.67,
    "balance_eth": 18152308
   }
  },
  "total_effective_eth": 43527722,
  "eb02_buckets": {
   "33-63": 1869,
   "32": 8024,
   "64-255": 2780,
   "256-1023": 2449,
   "1024-2047": 7294,
   "2048": 1491,
   "<32": 1
  },
  "sweep": {
   "partially_withdrawable": 783881,
   "per_slot": 16,
   "slots_per_day": 7200,
   "days": 6.8
  },
  "excess_unswept_0x01_eth": 6067.4,
  "excess_0x00_eth": 46120.9
 },
 "sources": {
  "spec_electra": "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/electra/beacon-chain.md",
  "spec_phase0": "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/phase0/beacon-chain.md",
  "spec_capella": "https://github.com/ethereum/consensus-specs/blob/master/specs/capella/beacon-chain.md",
  "eip7251": "https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7251",
  "launchpad_faq": "https://launchpad.ethereum.org/en/faq",
  "launchpad_actions": "https://launchpad.ethereum.org/en/validator-actions",
  "pectra": "https://ethereum.org/roadmap/pectra/",
  "lido_docs": "https://docs.lido.fi/guides/lido-tokens-integration-guide",
  "lido_rewards": "https://lido.fi/how-lido-works/rewards-and-penalties",
  "lido_api": "https://eth-api.lido.fi/v1/protocol/steth/apr/sma",
  "rp_docs": "https://docs.rocketpool.net/guides/staking/overview",
  "rp_api": "https://api.rocketpool.net/api/mainnet/payload",
  "cb_rewards": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/coinbase-staking/rewards/earn-rewards-with-staking",
  "cb_earn": "https://www.coinbase.com/earn",
  "cb_elig": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/coinbase/coinbase-staking/staking/eligibility",
  "cb_prime": "https://help.coinbase.com/en/prime/staking/eth",
  "cb_rate": "https://www.coinbase.com/earn/staking/ethereum",
  "kr_support": "https://support.kraken.com/articles/360037682011-overview-of-staking-on-kraken",
  "kr_eth": "https://www.kraken.com/features/staking/ethereum",
  "rh_stake": "https://robinhood.com/us/en/support/articles/staking/",
  "us_vr": "https://ultrasound.money/api/v2/fees/validator-rewards",
  "beacon": "https://ethereum-beacon-api.publicnode.com/eth/v1/beacon/states/head/validators?status=active_ongoing"
 }
}